Chlorine, PH, ORP – You Can Not Have One Without the Other
February 16, 2012 | 
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Are you currently using chlorine? If you are, you need to know its effects on water chemistry. If it is ineffective, you will be wasting your time and money. This article is a summarization of research to help explain pH, ORP and their relationship with chlorination.
Before we can discuss ORP, we must first learn about oxidation. Oxidation is simply defined a reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons. Oxidation can even occur at different speeds. Examples of slow oxidation include a piece of metal rusting or an apple slice turning brown. Wood burning in a fire is an example of rapid oxidation. An atom that loses an electron in the process is said to be “oxidized.” The atom that gains an electron is said to be “reduced.” ORP is an abbreviation for oxidation reduction potential. In practical terms, ORP is a measurement in millivolts (mV) of the oxidation levels in water. This determines the ability of the water sanitizer to be effective. It now becomes equivocally more important to test for ORP as well as ppm. It is possible that ppm may test as being inadequate and ineffective because of a low ORP. ORP does not relate only to chlorine, but to any type of sanitizer (oxidant).
To test for ORP, one needs an ORP meter to measure the voltage between the electrodes. Organic contaminants block the electrical current between the two probes, thus, causing a reduced mV reading. If one received a high mV reading, this would indicate that there is little to no organic contaminants in the water supply, thus meaning that it is not necessary to maintain or add an oxidation/sanitization agent into the water. Lower mV readings will indicate a higher level of contaminants in the water. It is then necessary to increase the oxidation/sanitation agent into the water.
Next, let’s examine some variables that affect the oxidizing agents. The most important variable, that is also the most misunderstood, is pH (Hydrogen Potential/Power). What actually is pH? The scientific definition is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration. Or more simply stated pH is a number between 0 and 14, denoting various degrees of acidity or alkalinity. Neutral water has a pH of 7. Water below 7 is acidic and becomes more acidic as it approached zero. Water above 7 is alkaline and alkalinity increases as it approaches 14. What is the pH of your water and how does it improve or impair the chlorine’s ability to be effective? When the pH of your water is 7 or below, chlorine will act primarily as a sanitizer. At this level, it is very effect at killing bacteria. At 7.4, chlorine will act equally as a sanitizer and oxidizer. Above 7.8, the chlorine will act principally as an oxidizer.
The pH of chlorine is 11.7. It would seem logical that adding chlorine into water having a neutral pH would make the water more alkaline and this is true in a majority of the cases. Keeping this in mind, it may be necessary to lower the pH of water with an acid in order to increase the efficacy of chlorine in the killing of bacteria if your water has a high pH to begin with. When chlorine is added to water it becomes hypochlorite ions (OCI) and hypochlorous acid (HOCI) in a quantity determined by the pH as indicated by the chart below:
pH OCI HOCI
6.0 3.50% 96.50%
6.5 10.00% 90.00%
7.0 27.50% 72.50%
7.5 50.00% 50.00%
8.0 78.50% 21.50%
8.5 90.00% 10.00%
Chemicals like chlorine, bromine, and ozone are examples of oxidizers. It is their ability to oxidize or steal electrons from other substances that makes them good water sanitizers. As soon as the oxidizing agent is added to the water, it begins to combine with microorganisms like bacteria, algae, and whatever else the water may contain. Now the free and available oxidizer is combining with contaminants and its effectiveness is reduced according to how much combining took place.
To make sure that the chemical process continues to the very end, you must have a high enough concentration of oxidizer in the water to do the whole job. This is where ORP becomes relevant. It is widely accepted that an ORP of 650 mV is necessary for safe drinking water and oxidation residuals. However, some microorganisms may require 750 mV or higher. It is the hypochlorous acid that will kill bacteria in just a few seconds if the ORP is in excess of 650mV. However, the hypochlorite ions are probably not yet working by the time the water has been consumed. Testing and controlling ORP can save you time and money. You can know if the sanitizer being used is effective and if the proper residual is maintained. Hence, your money is well spent.
Now that you have a better understanding of pH, you should be more cautious about keeping the pH range in line for your swimming pool. This is especially important for salt water pools owners because these individuals tend to not maintain or test their water more often. Just because the water is clear, does not mean the water is safe to swim in.
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Cloudy Pool Water – Causes & Cures
Cloudy pool water is caused by many factors. These factors may be chemical (water balance, pH, improper methods), mechanical (pool filter system) or environmental (source water, excessive rain, heavy use). Often times, pool owners attempt to treat the symptoms but not the cause of the cloudy water, so we have to look at all of the things that may contribute to the problem. Let’s look at the causes of cloudy swimming pool water, then we can look at treatments and cures.
Before we dive in let’s first put cloudy water to the test. Cloudy pool water is in the eyes of the beholder. Cloudy can mean: Dull – the pool water just doesn’t sparkle. Hazy – it just isn’t as clear as it normally is. Cloudy – you can make out the bottom of the pool if you look hard. Opaque – the term says it all!
Chemical Reasons
Many pool owners quickly blame “bad chemicals” so let’s start there. Here are some of the factors and their contribution to the cloudy water problem. Water chemistry can contribute to cloudy or hazy water – if the pH is HIGH (over 7.8) and or the Total Alkalinity (TA) is HIGH (over 200 ppm) and or the Calcium Hardness (CH) is HIGH (over 400 ppm). With pH & TA being high the water will become dull or flat and the chlorine reacts more slowly loses its ability to kill and control bacteria and algae. Now you have early algae growth – another cause of cloudy pool water. High CH doesn’t become a problem until the water warms up to over 85 degrees F; then you have a “cloudy” condition that won’t go away. Maintain good pool water balance with these parameters: pH – 7.2 – 7.6 (all pools); Total Alkalinity – 80 – 120 ppm (concrete) or 120 – 150 ppm (vinyl liner); Calcium Hardness 200 – 300 ppm (concrete) or 175 – 250 ppm (vinyl).
Other chemical or chemistry based reasons for cloudy pool water would be lack of regular shocking, periodic chemical cleaning of the filter, poorly maintained sanitizer levels, lack of a chemical maintenance routine. Regular weekly or biweekly shocking of the pool aids in oxidizing un-filterable swimmer waste such as body oils, lotions, urine, hair gel, perspiration, etc. We find that the single biggest mistake customers make in their normal care is not shocking the pool often enough or insufficiently (not using the proper amount of pool shock). Proper shocking also helps to “rejuvenate” the chlorine level and knock out early algae growth. Whenever you have a pool party with lots of expected bathers, consider shocking the pool the day before (helps build up the chlorine level providing a buffer for an eventual chlorine demand) as well as immediately following the party (shocks & oxidizes everything that was brought into the pool during the party — if your guests weren’t using the bathroom, the beer & soda had to go somewhere). Using a calcium hypochlorite shock such as BioGuard Burn Out Extreme is preferred since the product will get in, do its work, then get out. Potassium monopersulfate shocks like Oxysheen work well to help break up chloramines (combined chlorines), but shouldn’t be used exclusively.
Mechanical Reasons
If the chemistry is good and the pool is being properly shocked and algaecide added every 1 to 2 weeks, then it is necessary to look at the mechanical reasons. The mechanical components contributing to cloudy pool water would be improper filter size (too small), improper pump and motor size (too small or too large a horsepower pump), insufficient filtering time, poor circulation, improper maintenance (vacuuming & brushing). I can recount story after story when I’ve walked into a customer’s backyard to help them troubleshoot a problem pool only to find the filter shut off or improperly connected. When simple corrections are made, the pool water is clear in as little as 24 hours. Let’s examine some basics.
Your swimming pool’s filtering system should be operating a minimum of 8 to 10 hours per day, every day from opening to closing. If the pool water becomes cloudy or other problems become evident, then constant running of the filter until the problem is solved is required. If the filter was properly sized (even slightly bigger is better) then 8 to 10 hours daily is good. On the other hand, too large of a pump may be “harmful” to the filtration. If the horsepower is too great, you may be blowing dirt and everything else you want filtered right through the filter (especially sand filters). When it comes to 2 speed pumps, make sure the “high” speed run time is set for a minimum of 6 hours daily PLUS and additional 12 to 18 hours at “low” speed).
Consider using an automatic pool cleaner. You’ll end up with better circulation, cleaner pool surfaces and less work.
The other mechanical reasons are also important. Regular vacuuming and brushing help with the overall circulation by moving water around. Keep directional “eyeballs” pointed DOWN to force filtered water down to the bottom of the pool and therefore aid in water movement by breaking up dead spots. Too frequent backwashing of the filter doesn’t give the filter media enough time to do its best cleaning — a dirty filter filters a finer particle. One final mechanical reason for cloudy pool water, lack of use. Actively used pools are always better circulated and filtered. So even if the water is cloudy (as long as the water is in good chemical balance), use the pool!
Environmental Reasons
Remember that whatever is out in the world, will eventually get in the pool and detract from water clarity. Pollen, dust, dirt, leaves, make-up water, bird droppings (forgot about those, right?), rain, local construction sites, etc. can all affect your swimming pool. Each of these culprits needs to treated differently. Pollen, dust and other fine particulate can be treated using a water clarifier like BioGuard Polysheen Blue. Flocculants work well in severe situations by settling the particles to pool bottom and vacuuming it all out on Waste. Use a skimmer sock inside of the skimmer to remove fine pollen or dust that may be too fine for your sand filter.
Leaves, swimmers, makeup water, droppings will create a chlorine demand. Shocking the pool is necessary. Make-up water can change the water chemistry affecting the pH, TA and CH not to mention the possible addition of heavy metals, all of which can cause or add to water cloudiness.
Final Notes
As you can see there’s no 1 or 2 reasons for cloudy pool water. It’s usually a combination of factors. Some of them not even coming from the pool itself. The best solution to cloudy pool water is prevention utilizing a good, regular chemical and cleaning maintenance program. About 30 to 60 minutes per week is all that it takes. If or when your pool water turns cloudy, don’t start adding clarifiers or flocs. Get down to the real cause. Look at all of the contributing factors.
Listen to Your Swimming Pool Filter Pressure Gauge
Most swimming pool owners take for granted the significance of one of the simplest gadgets included in their pool equipment, the pressure gauge on the main pool filter. This one instrument is the equivalent of a thermometer to the human body. When the variance from 98.6 is too large, either high or low, we know our body is sick and needs attention. The same rule applies to the pressure gauge on a main swimming pool filter. Used properly it can be a pool owner’s best tool to avoid, diagnose, and solve common pool problems.
The first key to using the pool filter pressure gauge as the tool it is intended to be is to establish and document a “normal operating pressure”. This reading should be established immediately after the filter cartridges have been cleaned or when new cartridges are installed. Record this reading, in other words write it down, and store it somewhere that is convenient and easily accessible during your daily or weekly pool maintenance routine.
Then, simply make sure to consult the pressure gauge each and every time you service the pool. Don’t be lazy about checking the pressure. It literally only takes a second or two and it could help avoid a hefty pool repair bill and the embarrassment of a green swimming pool. Typically the main filter should be cleaned or backwashed when the pressure rises no more than 10 psi. But as you monitor the pressure gauge, if the pressure seems abnormally high or low, it means the pool needs attention. Of course it is always possible that the gauge itself could be broken, but for this discussion we will assume it is in good working order.
Pressure Abnormally Low – if the pressure gauge is reading lower than expected it could indicate several different problems. Typically it means something is obstructing the water from getting to the filter. Check to make sure there is an adequate water level in the pool. If the water level is good, check all baskets to make sure they are not clogged with debris and blocking the water flow. Also check the skimmer weir door to make sure it is not stuck in the closed position (up). Another common problem is debris getting past the pump basket and clogging up the impeller.
Pressure Abnormally High – if the pressure gauge is reading extremely high, it most likely means the filter media is clogged and needs to be cleaned. Another common reason for a high pressure reading is a valve to one of the return lines has been accidentally moved to the closed position. When this happens the water is obstructed from moving back into the swimming pool, which leads to back pressure to the filter and a abnormally high reading.
Unstable Pressure Readings – if the pressure reading is not stabilizing and constantly moving from low to high and back to low, it usually indicates an insufficient water level in the pool or a skimmer weir that is getting stuck. In either of these cases, there isn’t enough water to consistently supply the pump. When there is sufficient water supply the pressure goes up and when the pump starts drawing air the pressure goes down. This is known as “cycling” and should be avoided because it will inevitably lead to damage to the pump motor.
Out of all the tools used to maintain your swimming pool, the main pool filter pressure gauge can be your best friend and save you a lot of time and money in the long run. Monitored properly, the pressure readings will actually tell you a story of the status of the pool in just a few seconds. It is worth the time to document the readings on your main pool filter pressure gauge and start listening to the story it’s trying to tell you!
Ceramic Vs Carbon Infrared Saunas – Know Which is Better
Before choosing to buy an infrared sauna based on size, style, and price, make sure to consider the heating element used. It can be difficult to tell the real differences between ceramic and carbon infrared saunas, and even more difficult to judge which is better.
Infrared saunas are an innovative new way to get all the healthy and long-lasting benefits of a sauna. Instead of sitting in stifling hot air in an enclosed room like in a traditional Finnish or steam sauna, infrared saunas use infrared radiation to safely and efficiently to help participants work up a healthy sweat. Infrared is very similar to sunlight, of course without the harmful ultraviolet rays.
There are many types of infrared saunas available for people who wish to enjoy them for their own use. Some public areas, such as spas and health clubs, are now adding infrared saunas to their traditional steam saunas. Infrared saunas can also be purchased over the Internet and pieced together at home. Home infrared saunas come in varying sizes, shapes, and styles. They are constructed with different types of wood. Even smaller portable models that easy fold up and wheel out of the way are now on the market. Whatever model suits you, one of the most important considerations for your home infrared sauna is the type of heating element used.
Many infrared saunas are outfitted with several thin, flat carbon fiber panels at varying locations in the sauna to distribute a uniform infrared heat. They are sometimes enclosed in fiberglass for protection and covering. Carbon panels are slightly flexible and therefore less likely to break in transit to your home sauna. Because of their flat, wide shape, they are capable of having a very large surface area which is important for a quality infrared sauna heating element.
Ceramic sheets, like carbon fiber sheets, have a large surface area and are built into the inner walls of a sauna on all sides. Ceramic is rather delicate so care must be used in shipping and handling the material prior to installation in your sauna. They are generally more expensive than carbon fiber heaters, but proponents say that they deliver true far infrared radiation whereas carbon panels only heat up and deliver simple radiant heat. This can induce perspiration, but doesn’t give you the same soft tissue benefits as ceramic heaters.
It is important to know that some Internet websites will compare carbon sheets to ceramic rods, which is like comparing apples to oranges. Rods are going to be more inefficient than plates or sheets, no matter what they are made out of. Rods have a smaller surface area and will require a higher surface temperature to run, so they will be worse than both carbon and ceramic plates. Keep that in mind when looking at information about carbon versus ceramic heating elements.
By now you’re probably confused because the pros and cons of both carbon fiber and ceramic sound awfully similar. Though ceramic does have a slightly higher emissivity (ability to radiate infrared), it is not significantly higher than those of carbon sheets. In general, ceramics are regarded as superior. But in truth, the material of construction doesn’t matter as much as the surface temperature and the surface area of a particular model of heater.
Of course, considerations like your budget and your personal sense of style will influence your decision in which home sauna to buy. But don’t neglect considering the type of heating element used. It is a very important choice and can’t be underestimated.
Sauna Safety – How Long Should You Stay in a Sauna and Why?
Having a sauna is a wonderful luxury that has many benefits, including health benefits. Saunas have long been known to help improve the circulation, detoxify the boy and decrease stress in regular users. However, just as you would with any other appliance or piece of equipment, you must be a responsible user of saunas to ensure you don’t do any damage to yourself through excessive overuse or improper use. Read on for some important sauna tips.
Tip 1 – Make sure the sauna has proper safety equipment installed before using it.
If you are utilizing a sauna at a local health club or a friend’s place, you should inspect it for safety equipment before actually using it. All saunas should be equipped with safety rails around the heating unit. These units get excessively hot, often reaching temperatures of over 500 degrees F and they can cause some serious burns if one were to accidentally fall onto one or have hot steam blown up on them. The rails help prevent this from happening and ensure safe use. One other important safety feature is proper ventilation. The sauna should have a fan system or a small vented opening in the ceiling to allow heat to escape and fresh air in for breathing. Without these features, the interior of the sauna can experience a buildup of carbon dioxide which can produce illness or even worse, death.
Tip 2 – Special health and safety concerns to think about.
Almost anyone can experience the healthy results of spending brief periods of time in a sauna. However there are some people who should limit their use of or not use saunas for obvious reasons. Pregnant women should not spend any time in a sauna at any stage of their pregnancy. Exposure to extreme heat can cause contractions to occur in all women and this can cause premature birth or miscarriage in pregnant women. High temperatures may also be the cause for fetal damage which may increase the chances of birth defects. People who are using prescription medications are best to consult with their physicians before using a sauna. This is especially true for anyone diagnosed with a circulatory or brain problem, such as hypertension, diabetes or epilepsy. The high temperatures in the sauna can increase the effects of the medication and cause extreme dizziness, heart palpitations, seizures or death in some cases.
Tip 3 – Time limits for sauna use.
A sauna can be very relaxing for anyone, especially to relieve sore muscles, joints and the back. Unfortunately, this experience needs to be limited to a safe amount of time. It’s normally recommended that anyone using a sauna should limit his or her time to 15-20 minutes at a time. It’s important that users of saunas remain hydrated as being in a sauna will produce a lot of sweating which drains the body of minerals and water. The rule of thumb when using a sauna is to trust your instincts. If you begin to feel overly tired, dizzy, and nauseous or just begin to feel odd, it’s time to step out of the sauna back into fresh air and take a break from it.
By following the tips above, you will be able to enjoy the many benefits of sauna usage. Being safe means being a smart consumer and these tips will aid you in being a smart sauna user.
Six Deadly Pool Purchasing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
The six deadly pool purchasing mistakes are frequently made as a result of simply not being informed and knowing what questions to ask. Avoiding these mistakes could save you thousands of dollars and hours of heartache and frustration.
So you want to buy a pool but don’t know where to start? Perhaps knowing the common mistakes people make when purchasing a pool will help you start off on the right foot. Everyday, people get “duped” into buying the wrong pool, the wrong way, with no recourse or protection. These same people wind up being dissatisfied and even angry because their expectations weren’t met.
Throughout my long career in the pool industry, I have met many people who have made serious mistakes when they purchased their pool. Every year it seems as though I hear the same stories over and over. As a result of talking with scores of pool owners and through my own years of experience in the industry, I have concluded that there are six common mistakes that people make when purchasing a pool.
The Solution to Avoiding the
Six Deadly Pool Purchasing Mistakes is. . .
Ask the right questions! It’s simple. If you ask the right questions, you’ll uncover 90 percent of the potential problems that most pool purchasers commonly face. There’s always that 10 percent chance that something will happen that you couldn’t have foreseen; but, for the most part, you’ll be able to avoid almost any surprise.
However, if you’re like most other pool purchasers, you know so little about pools or pool construction that you don’t even know what questions to ask. That is why I wrote this special report just for you. After reading this report, you will be one of those few pool purchasers who “know what they’re talking about.”
The first questions you need to ask yourself when thinking about buying a pool are:
1. Why do I want a pool?
2. What will my family and I use the pool for?
3. Who is going to maintain the pool?
Why are these questions so important? Before you can decide “what” type of pool you want, you need to understand “why” you want a pool. Is it for family recreation, entertaining guests, physical therapy, exercise, personal recreation or just to “keep up with the Jones’?”
Knowing the answer to these questions will help you avoid the first deadly pool purchasing mistake, which is. . .
Mistake #1:
Not Designing Your Pool for its Intended Purpose
You might have heard the phrase, “Form follows function.” To know what type of pool you want, you need to know what you’ll be using it for. The type of pool you’ll select should depend on what you’ll be using it for.
More often than not, people considering the purchase of a pool have a specific purpose in mind. It is important to write this down and have it ready when you start to talk to pool builders.
For instance, if you are going to use your pool mostly for family entertainment, then you will want to include safety features such as gating or fencing that will control access to the pool. If your primary use is for entertainment, then you may consider mood lighting features with special landscaping features, such as waterfall features in and around the pool. If you want to build a pool for physical therapy or exercise, you might include a longer shallow area for swimming or perhaps built in spa jets in the seat, pull up bars, or even a smaller pool with swim jets.
The Myth of the Large Pool
An interesting phenomenon frequently happens when the majority of first-time pool buyers desire a large pool with a deep end and a diving board. After about a year of pool use, new owners discover that the deep end rarely gets used and the diving board becomes more of a safety hazard. Most of the games that are pla
yed by the kids are done in the shallow end and that’s where the adults spend 95 percent of their time. Because they decided to build a large pool with a deep end, only 35 percent of the pool gets utilized, resulting in unnecessary expense and low usage. It’s also important to consult with your insurance agent regarding increased premiums with diving boards.
Fencing is always an important element of your pool, not only for child safety but to provide a certain level of privacy. You may consider a retaining wall if your yard is on a slope so that you can step down to the pool, providing you more privacy. Many pool builders will try to talk you into elevating the level of your pool if your yard has a slope. Simply because there’s less dirt to remove, builders can cut trucking expenses. This can leave you with an inground pool that has an above ground look.
You should also have an understanding or vision of what you want your entire backyard to look like, not just your pool. Your pool should compliment your existing backyard and integrate with your intended landscaping goals, both now and in the future.
Here are some other points to consider when designing your pool:
1. Access – Ensure there is easy access to your pool from your house, restroom or entertainment area. You might want to consider how patios, decks or walkways are positioned to provide a safe and simple entrance and exit between your home and your pool.
2. Lines and Cables – Before settling on a location, you need to ensure that there are no electrical or telephone wires, sewer or septic lines or buried pipes.
3. Drainage – Water needs to drain away from the pool to avoid standing water or dirt and mud getting into the pool. This is especially important if you’re in a location that has a history of flooding.
4. Add-Ons – If you plan to install a diving board, spa, slide or waterfall, make sure that you plan for adequate deck space for each add-on.
5. Sheds – A common method of protecting equipment is to build an equipment shed close to the pool.
6. Sun vs Shade – The sun can help to keep your pool water warm; however, placing your pool under trees can result in a lot of extra maintenance.
7. Covenants – Find out if there are any subdivision covenants regarding the construction of pools.
To obtain a building permit, it is generally required to get a survey or plot plan of your entire property. In fact, you should already have one from when you bought your home. The survey will help you to decide where to locate your pool and any other accessories.
Make sure you schedule an initial on-site consultation so that your pools primary functions and activities are reflected in the design. Furthermore, an on-site consultation should urge you to consider the overall vision of what you want your backyard.
Mistake #2
Choosing the Wrong Pool “Container”
There are three basic types of in-ground pools: concrete/gunite, fiberglass, and vinyl liner.
No matter what type of pool you choose, you will be required to perform a certain amount of maintenance. However, each type of pool provides its own maintenance challenges. It’s important to understand these challenges by pool type before you make your selection.
Concrete/Gunite Pools
Concrete and gunite (a type of reinforced concrete) are the most common in-ground pool types because they have been on the market longer than the new, more efficient types of pools.
Concrete and gunite are sprayed over a framework of steel rods and wire mesh, then coated with plaster to give the pool a smooth, printable surface. Today, concrete and gunite pools are most commonly used for commercial and public swimming pools.
The nice thing about concrete and gunite pools is that you can virtually build them in any shape or form that you wish. Unfortunately, it is the most expensive of the three types of pools and it takes a long time to build.
Furthermore, concrete and gunite is porous, therefore providing small areas for algae and bacteria to grow. In addition, it can easily crack and chip with the change of the temperature and weather conditions, providing even more areas for algae and bacteria to grow. This is why concrete and gunite pools require the most maintenance of the three types of pools, costing $100 or more a month to maintain. It is also rough on the kids feet, and because kids will stay in the pool for extended lenght’s of time makes this extremely damaging to the skin.
Concrete and gunite pools require periodic annual or semi annual pool draining for cleaning purposes. When the pool is drained, the cracks in the concrete and gunite need to be repaired and the pool siding acid-washed and perhaps re plastered, if necessary. Acid washing is necessary every one to three years, depending on water condition. Acid washing does remove a layer of plaster or mar cite. Usually, after the second acid wash you can expect to re plaster the pool.
Vinyl Liner Pools
Vinyl liner pools use a high-density vinyl lining, offering a cosmetic textured pool surface. The lining is “seamed” together throughout the sides of the pool. Polymer or steel walls are bolted and fastened together on concrete flooring. The vinyl liner is spread over the floor and paneled walls and connected to the top of the walls by a vinyl rib at the outside edge of the liner.
The upfront cost of vinyl lined pools can be inexpensive when compared with concrete and gunite pools and take much less time to install. However, the maintenance on vinyl lined pools is high because the liner can be easily scratched or cut, especially if there will be toys or hard objects in the pool (even mechanical pool cleaners!). To repair a vinyl lined pool, you’ll need to replace the entire lining, which can cost from $1,500 to $3,900 or more depending on the time of the season for replacement.
Also, algae and bacteria tend to nest in the porous texture of the fabric and seams of the vinyl, requiring high amounts of chlorine to keep the pool clean. It’s kind of like a shower curtain that is exposed to moisture and heat on a consistent basis.
Severe problems can arise when algae starts to grow under a vinyl liner because it can start to eat the liner from the underside and is very difficult to treat. You can expect to pay up to $100 or more a month to maintain a vinyl liner pool.
In addition, heating costs will generally be higher, especially on steel wall construction. The only thing between the ground temperature of 57 degrees and the pool water is steel and vinyl. A polymer or plastic wall does reduce the cost of heating somewhat; but, it also adds considerable cost to the construction of the pool ($1,500 to $2,500 in some cases).
Fiberglass Pools
Fiberglass pools are made out of a seamless one-piece, pre-formed fiberglass container that is set in the ground and can be installed in less than five days. The fiberglass itself has a smooth, non-porous gel coat surface.
Although fiberglass pools have a wide range of sizes and shapes, and can be moved if you choose, you are restricted to those sizes and shapes that are offered, unlike a concrete or gunite pool. You’ll rarely find a fiberglass pool over sixteen feet in width because the come from the factory ready to install in one piece.
Fiberglass pools are appealing because they require much less maintenance than either of the other pool types. Fiberglass will not rip, tear, crack, chip or leak, providing a longer-lasting surface. Therefore, monthly maintenance costs are minimal. The durability of fiberglass is especially important if you live in a cold weather climate, or unstable soil, in which surface materials contract and expand. This is why concrete and gunite pools crack and chip.
Because a fiberglass is non-porous, algae and bacteria cannot stick to the surface. This reduces the amount of chlorine necessary to keep the pool clean to about one-fourth of the amount that other pools use, which can add up to large cost savings over time.
Fiberglass pools never require draining for cleaning, which is a huge chore. In addition, to clean the fiberglass surface, all you need to do is vacuum the bottom of the pool, which takes only 10-15 minutes a week. At first you might think that concrete/gunite pools are the most stable; however, fiberglass pools can flex about two feet without sustaining any damage and can safely withstand more external pressure than concrete/gunite pools.
However, there are huge distinctions between different fiberglass pools. (They are not all created equal.) Vinyl Ester resin is a must! This material is a bonding agent that helps hold the pool together. Vinyl Ester also prevents cobalting, which is a black or purple stain that forms from the outside in. It is a chemical reaction within the fiberglass itself. The stain can usually be removed but will continue to resurface. Make sure you see it in writing that the pool has Vinyl Ester. If it’s not advertised in print, chances are it doesn’t have it.
It’s also important to have some sort of vapor barrier in the fiberglass. Even though the gel coat or finish is smooth and non-porous, the back of the pool is without a vapor barrier. Fiberglass is a cloth that will absorb moisture from the ground. Moisture or even ground water will leach through the fiberglass causing blistering on the gel coat that is not usually covered by warranty.
You also want to make certain the pool is constructed with hand laid fiberglass as opposed to chopped glass. Hand laid fiberglass is much stronger and is built with full sheets of fiberglass cloth. Chopped glass fiberglass is a pudding-like substance with shreds of fiberglass usually sprayed or rolled on. Fortunately, because fiberglass pools are pre-built, you can see the pool prior to installation. Check out the finish beforehand. If it doesn’t look good out of the ground it won’t look good in the ground. Remember, water magnifies any flaws.
The technology in this industry is changing and evolving almost monthly, with recent introductions like the infusion of Carbon Fiber which adds extreme strength, and some pretty nice looking colors, this makes this worth a closer look than in the past.
Mistake #3
Choosing the Wrong Developer
The worst mistake that a person buying a pool can do is choose the wrong developer to build the pool. There are many “fly-by-night” pool developers that use temporary workers to install pools,. Other developers employ installers (or subcontractors) that have virtually no experience with pool installation.
Pool developers consistently experience a high turnover with their staff so it’s a constant struggle to keep good, experienced people who have installed a lot of pools. There are also a lot of developers who will sell you a pool with no regard for how it will be integrated with your landscape and lifestyle.
Make sure the developer has a firm brick and mortar location and is not working out of his garage. Also, do not purchase a pool from the Internet. Take time to visit the location.
After narrowing it down to the top two or three builders, invest in the time to visit their location to look at their products and services. See how their staff treats you. (Remember, people who feel good about themselves produce good results).
This is the biggest investment of your life next to your home. Invest your time. Take the family on a fun day out to look at pools and builders. Stop for lunch. Slow down, take your time. Feel comfortable and investigate.
The following are several questions you can ask potential pool developers when you request a proposal or bid to build your pool.
1. Do you offer the type of pool container that I want (fiberglass, concrete/gunite, vinyl liner) and how much experience do you have with installing that type of pool?
Most pool builders specialize in one of the three types of pools. A builder that is an expert in installing concrete pools may not necessarily be an expert in installing fiberglass pools. Find out how many of the same type of pools the builder has installed. If you are having accessories such as a deck, spa or landscaping done with the same builder, make sure that they have done that type of work in the past with other clients.
2. What is the average experience of your installation staff or do you subcontract out the construction? Do you hire only licensed and bonded sub-contractors?
It isn’t uncommon to find a pool builder that uses subcontractors for the entire installation process. In this case, you need to consider the experience level of the subcontractors. A pool builder is only as good as the people doing the installation work. Preferably the builder will have his own staff, resulting in better quality control. However, if a subcontractor is used, make sure that they are licensed and bonded to protect you if things go wrong.
3. Are you certified by the National Spa and Pool Institute? What other trade organizations do you belong to?
The National Spa and Pool Institute (NSPI) is the association that supports the spa and pool industry. The NSPI has a “Certified Builder”course that teaches builders how to build high-quality pools using the latest techniques that meet specifications. Having the certification means that the builder has at least met some standard education requirements to do the job right and it shows the builder’s commitment to quality. This one question can weed out a fly-by-night builder from a reputable builder. If the builder belongs to the Better Business Bureau, a Chamber of Commerce, or even a Rotary Club, it demonstrates that the builder intends to be around for a long while.
4. Do you provide financing for the pool construction project?
Even if you have the money sitting in the bank or you plan to get it from a commercial lender, asking this question may result in some revealing information. If a builder provides financing, it means that they have been around long enough to build credit and a good reputation with the banks. It is advantageous to have options for financing the construction of your pool. Another benefit of financing your pool is that in-ground pool construction is considered a home improvement and the interest payment on your loan is tax deductible.
5. Can I speak with several of your past customers?
This is the killer question. The proof is in the pudding and if you can’t speak to a previous customer, it probably means that they don’t have one or that they are disgruntled. Run from a builder that can’t provide you with testimonials from prior satisfied customers.
The real test is talking to those customers yourself. Ask the builder if you can pick one or two from a list of 10 previous customers. This will ensure that you’ll be choosing a non-biased customer. Ask the customer, “I know that the builder does great work but all jobs have at least one or two things that didn’t go as planned. Can you tell me what were some things that didn’t meet your expectations?” This question will get the customer off the fence.
6. To what extent is the owner involved in the daily operations of the business?
If the owner of the business isn’t 100 percent involved in the business, it doesn’t mean that you write them off but you should find out how the business is being managed. Quality usually has a direct correlation to the level of involvement by the owner of the business.
7. Can the builder present a certificate of insurance to prove that they are fully insured?
Ask the builder about any liability and compensation insurance he may carry to protect you in the event of an accident during the construction of the pool. There’s nothing worse than getting into a situation in which things didn’t go as planned and not having recourse for receiving compensation because of damages. Every reputable builder should be fully insured. Period.
If you ask and don’t receive a copy of worker’s compensation and liability insurance, don’t use the builder. You may even go as far as to call the agent listed to verify that their insurance is in force. Finally, remember worker’s compensation protects people. Liability protects property. You need to have both.
Other things you might consider are the builder’s credit rating and you may want to check county records for lawsuits.
8. Does the builder offer in-home design services?
Many good builders will offer in-home design services that will not only save you money but also demonstrate the builder’s experience and expertise.
9. If there is damage to my yard or landscaping, will you repair it?
It is imperative that you set your expectations up front during the interview process with the builder, especially when it comes to damage. Many pool buyers are surprised when they see the amount of damage to their yard that takes place during a pool installation.
However, there is such a thing as excess damage due to negligence on the part of the builder. Make sure you address this right up front and that it gets into your contract. Some pool builders aren’t willing to take on the risk of paying for yard damage.
10. What are the electrical and plumbing requirements and who will perform them?
Your pool builder should know about existing electrical, plumbing, zoning, building and grading requirements. It’s important to test the knowledge of your builder. Even if you don’t know the answers yourself, you’ll have an idea whether they have a good grasp on the requirements.
By the way, never allow a pool builder to force you to take a permit out in your name. It should always be in the builder’s…
11. What type of maintenance training will I receive upon completion of the pool?
Upon completion of pool installation, your pool builder should provide you with training, including: equipment maintenance training; chemical and cleaning training; winterizing training; and safety training. These topics will be crucial to the longevity of your pool.
12. How long will the construction take and when can you start?
Even if a pool builder is good and you feel comfortable with their skills and ability, their schedule needs to sync with your schedule. A good pool builder will most likely be booked, so you may want to start the search process early in the season or reset your expectations as to when the pool can be installed.
Never choose a pool or a builder based strictly on schedule. Make your choice on the quality of both the product and the builder. A high-quality builder will never sacrifice quality for speed. Remember, if you are a first time pool buyer, another couple of months won’t hurt you. Stay focused on quality.
13. What is the cost and how much do you require as a deposit?
Ultimately, your pool needs to fit your budget. You should ask for a proposal only from builders that you feel comfortable with and meet your minimum requirements. Although it varies from builder to builder, 2 percent to 5 percent down is an acceptable amount to ask as a deposit. If a builder asks for an amount greater than 10 percent down, it’s time to end the interview. Also, make sure you examine the down payment schedule and make sure the builder explains it to you.
Good References are Important
Overall, asking this series of questions will help you get a feel for who may be the best choice to build your pool. Remember, good references are important because they are based on past experience rather than a right answer to an interview question. Call local building departments, call the state, and call the Better Business Bureau. A good builder’s reputation will precede them.
Mistake #4
Not Getting a Full Understanding of Your Pool Contract and Warranty
It is certainly a deadly mistake not getting a full understanding of your pool contract and warranty. As Ross Perot once said, “The devil is in the details.” Pool contracts and warranties can be deceptive if they are not read carefully and if you don’t ask enough questions.
Parts of a pool usually included in the warranty are:
1. Structural – Structural integrity of walls, reinforcements and concrete.
2. Equipment – Equipment such as filters, skimmers, pumps and heaters.
3. Plumbing – Materials and workmanship on electrical, gas, piping and pool plumbing.
Generally speaking, most pool buyers get surprised when something goes wrong because they didn’t take the time to understand the details of what is included in the warranty and more importantly, what is NOT included in the warranty. Try to make sure your pump, filter and heater are from the same manufacturer. That way you have one warranty that covers your main equipment. Plus, most pool companies will not stock repair parts from multiple manufacturers. Things like discoloration in fiberglass and vinyl liner pools are usually not covered because the color of the walls have a lot to do with how you’ve maintained the pool and the chemical balance of the pool water. Chipped concrete or gunite are not usually warranted because that’s the nature of concrete when exposed to the elements.
When purchasing a vinyl liner pool, you need to be cautious about what’s included in the warranty for the liner. Is it just the seams or is it the entire liner? Most vinyl liner pool builders stress the warranty on the seam, but the seam never goes bad. What frequently goes bad is the vinyl lining, not the structural walls or the seam.
Who’s Warranting What?
Understand who warranties what. For instance, who warranties the pump and filter? The manufacturer or the dealer? Who do you contact to report problems? Do they have a toll-free number? Who comes out to fix the problem? In some cases, each individual manufacturer will warranty each separate piece of equipment and will have different service providers fixing the problem. There’s rarely a one-stop solution for pool warranties and service.
Read the warranty carefully with the builder and ask questions. Ask what is not warranted and why. After you’ve seen a couple of warranties side by side, the questions will become much easier.
Mistake #5
Focusing on Upfront Cost Rather than Cost of Ownership
Because in-ground pools can cost up to $40,000 and more, most pool buyers are concerned about the upfront price and pay little attention to daily operational costs. Purchasing a pool that requires little maintenance will usually be the cheapest deal in the long run. Pools that don’t require a lot of chemicals, cleaning, resurfacing or replacement parts will cost less over the life of the pool.
Additional Costs
Additional costs of required basic equipment can surprise some pool buyers. Equipment such as filter systems, steps or ladders, and skimmers for surface cleaning are considered essential.
Many pool owners install heating equipment and pool-side decking of concrete or wood. Pool covers are often used to keep water clean and retain heat when the pool is not in use. If used properly, these covers can be a wise energy-saving investment.
Mistake #6
Falling for Slimy Sales Gimmicks
Once you have decided to build a swimming pool, there is a natural excitement and eagerness to have it installed as soon as possible. This is often the point at which unwary buyers can get into hot water because dishonest salespeople and builders will be quick to take advantage of the situation.
Keep in mind that the late spring and early summer months can bring these unscrupulous people into communities where home swimming pools are popular. Attractive advertisements can turn up, offering deals that seem too good to turn down. Here are some warning signs that signal “Buyer Beware!”
1. Salespeople who tell you an advertised pool they offer “on sale” is not worth having and then try to switch you to a more expensive model. This is called “Bait and Switch” and is a tactic that is often used in the retail world.
2. Salespeople who use the ploy of offering a reduced price on the basis your pool will be used as a model.
3. Salespeople who pressure you into signing a contract. Remember: no reputable builder and no authorized representative of a reputable builder will rush you into signing any agreement or contract at any time.
4. Never get talked into taking out the “Building Permit” yourself or in your own name. The contractor should do this. Always make sure that the contract clearly states that the pool builder is required to hire only licensed and bonded “subcontractors.”
5. If the pool builder will not do an on-site initial visit, be alerted to the possibility of a hard sale. Chances are, the builder does not understand or care to understand your requirements.
Conclusion
Purchasing a pool can be a scary experience, especially for those first timers who haven’t been through the process. There are a myriad of items to consider… pool type, maintenance, warranties, contracts, liability, plumbing, landscaping, electricity, drainage, restrictions, accessories, and so on. It’s no wonder many pool buyers make mistakes that end up costing them hundreds, even thousands, of dollars.
With the information in this special report, you will be able to avoid many of the most common mistakes people make when purchasing a pool. It will equip you with the ability and know-how to ask smart questions that will result in helping you find the right pool for you and your family.
Save Money Building an in Ground Swimming Pool
With costs of vacationing continuously on the rise, more and people are discovering alternatives for relaxation and entertainment. Having one’s own pool is a great way to enjoy staying at home. No doubt building a swimming pool can be a costly investment, but it is one that can be fun for the whole family many months of the year.
Above ground pools are very popular, mostly due to the fact it is the most economical way to have your own swimming pool. Above ground pools are not very good investments in terms of adding value to your home. An advantage of an above ground pool is it can be dismantled and moved to a location should you sell your home.
Inground swimming pools, on the other hand can increase the value of your home. Gunite/shotcrete pools in particular hold their value very well and one can usually expect property value to increase by about 75% of the cost of building the pool.
People looking for ways to save money building their own swimming pool have a few alternatives to this approach. One way is to do the work yourself. While this can be very labor intensive, it is possible for a determined homeowner to build their own in ground vinyl liner pool. There are also a few methods for building a concrete pool that is doable by competent do-it-yourselfer.
Another choice is to subcontract the work out to subcontractors. In many cases this is exactly what pool builders do. Many swimming pool contractors sell the job to the homeowner then sub contract all the work out.By acting as your own contractor you can eliminate some of this cost.
If you are considering contracting your own swimming pool, the first step would be checking your state and local codes to make sure they will allow this. Before beginning the project you will need to learn everything you can about swimming pool construction.
Benefits of an Indoor Pool
If you are one of those people who have been tempted by the idea of a private swimming pool but have no backyard to build one on, don’t fret. There are countless options for constructing a pool inside your home. Indoor pools are the best option when there is no space for an outdoor pool. Your perfect idea can be built in the basement, garage or even a sunroom. As these have a roof or ceiling over them, they can be used on every day of the year irrespective of rain and snow. The overhead shed also helps keep the temperature of the water cool. Here is a look at the different types of indoor swimming pools that you can opt for.
Above-ground pool
Above-ground indoor pools are easy to install and are inexpensive. This is the best option for you if you are planning to fix it in by yourself without the help of pool builders. Make sure your garage or basement floor is level and smooth. A rough surface will not be able to provide stability or support for your pool. By constructing a high wall, small children and pets can be kept away easily though it might require you to add a stairway to enter the pool. Above ground pools resemble a hot tub and water heating equipment can be built to get the complete hot tub experience.
Partially in-ground pool
This pool is one of the most popular types of indoor pools. Since it is only partially inside the ground, it is an easy way to swing your legs into the pool. People with weak limbs are advised to construct this kind of indoor pool. You can raise your floor to give a built in the ground appearance. Raising the floor is inexpensive but make sure you have a high ceiling to avoid space issues.
In-ground pool
Heating costs for indoor swimming pools is less expensive compared to pools that are built outside the house. These types have very easy access and can be customized in any way you want. If you wish to have a deep pool, raised flooring will be an inexpensive method to construct it. Another available option will be to break the flooring in the room. If you want to keep children and pets away, a fence can be built around the pool.
An indoor pool can be designed and structured in any size or shape ranging from simple to luxurious. Architects can help you engineer a plan for your pool and can advice you about the costs. A concrete base will give you stability and will lower the risks of leakages. The water purification filter and pumps should be cleaned regularly and should be placed near a floor drain to avoid clogging. Chlorine and vacuum pumps can be used to clean indoor pools. If you are unsure about how to maintain your pool, professional pool cleaners can be sought.
Why You Should Use Pool Blankets
Owning an in-ground pool is wonderful, but maintaining it is also critical. After all, failure to keep your pool up and running optimally can make it unpleasant to use on a regular basis.
Even before you commence building you new pool, you must take into consideration and plan for the regular maintenance and upkeep of your new pool. One of the most popular things that Brisbane pool builders recommend for their clients all the time is pool blankets. In terms of ease of use, pool blankets are a real no brainer for anyone that owns an in-ground pool.
They Keep Your Pool Warmer -
The simple act of laying a pool blanket over your pool when it is not in use can help keep it warmer. It is highly likely that you pool will lose a lot of its heat during the night if it is left uncovered. After undergoing pool installation, it seems foolhardy to let all of that warmth evaporate overnight. A well designed, custom fitted pool blanket can help retain a lot of the heat and keep it from disappearing into thin air. You will find that your pool is kept at a more comfortable temperature more consistently and easily, too.
They Lower Your Energy Costs -
Keeping that warmth from dissipating as easily means lower energy bills for you, too. Virtually any pool construction business will tell you that if you choose the path of a pool heater for your pool that it will be one of your highest ongoing costs. A pool blanket can significantly lower those bills, though, reducing the amount of time that the heating method of your choice has to run. In the end, you will enjoy lower bills and will help contribute to the environment of the planet by not relying as heavily on gas or electricity to keep your pool in tiptop shape.
They Keep Your Pool Cleaner -
Even if you have the most efficient, top of the line filter system available, a lot of debris can accumulate in your pool – especially overnight. Why let that happen, when a pool blanket can prevent a lot of it? Covering your pool when it’s not in use can help keep leaves and other things from settling on the surface of the water, meaning that your filter system doesn’t have to work as hard – and that your pool looks cleaner and more pristine more often.
They Help You Save Water And Chemicals -
Since pool blankets help prevent evaporation, they can keep the water in your pool longer. This means less frequent refills, and it also helps keep the balance of chemicals in check as well. Maintaining your pool will be much easier when its water isn’t constantly getting sucked out into the atmosphere – and all of this can be accomplished by a simple pool blanket.
Although there are varying costs associated with installing an in-ground pool, it does add value to your home and should really be thought of as an investment. With this in mind, you should consider a Pool Blanket to cover and protect your investment to enjoy many years of fun and to maintain its value.
How To Choose A Pool Builder
Are you looking for pool builders? There are many leading companies that can provide expert pool building services in the area. Their objective is to maximize your fun and improve your well being with one of their custom designed concrete pools and spas.
Choosing the best swimming pool is not a task that should be overlooked and taken lightly. Most pools will cost anywhere from 60,000 dollars to 100,000 dollars, that kind of investment should not be entrusted to anyone. The first thing you should look for when you select a builders is to make sure you and the company work in tandem and see eye to eye on the project. It’s easy to work with someone who envisions the same thing as you. You should also make sure that the company is insured and registered. Countless people employ builders who aren’t even registered as a company. You can’t sue a bunch of freelancers if they mess up your yard! However, if the company is insured then you will have more protection, for instance if for some reason the pool builders don’t complete the job or damage your property you can sue them and get back money for repairs and negligence. If a company is not registered or insured, then you’ll get nothing when something goes wrong, except repair bills and a big headache.
One of the best ways to select a pool builder is through word of mouth, so it’s a good idea to ask that nearby hotel who installed their pool and if they would use that company again. Prescreen your pool builders and read up on reviews and testimonials before selecting your builder. Most successful pool become successful because of referrals so those are companies you want to work with.
Bad pool contractors will leave you with a huge giant hole in your yard for months, while a good pool builder will complete the job in no time and more thoroughly than a bad pool builder. Horrible pool contractors can be avoided so easily by doing a little bit of homework. Before selecting a contractor you should make sure that they are properly qualified to complete the job, make sure they have a pool contractor’s license. Some places even have a toll free phone number you may call to inquire about licensing. After researching all the local builders in Brisbane many people make a well informed decision and choose one of the most popular builders Brisbane has to offer, the Performance pool & Spa Company.
Performance pool & spa will build a dazzling pool which is easy to sustain and will provide your family with years of enjoyment. These pool builders are members of the Masters Builders Association and always provide energy efficient pools which are built to last. The professional skilled performance pool team has been providing attentive, personalized services to the community for years.
Most pool builders will try to rip you off when you sign a contract with them; if you don’t read it carefully you may end up with the cheapest supplies and an inexpensive cement pool. Make sure that the contract is really specific before signing off on a contract. If you sign off on a contract with Performance Pool & Spa, you will have peace of mind, knowing that your contract will be discussed with you in a straightforward manner and you will definitely not be getting ripped off.
Commercial pools are one of Performance Pool & Spa’s specialties. No matter if you are looking for a robotic cleaning system or simply want to install pool heating, these pool builders can fulfill any of your commercial pool needs at any location in the community. Performance Pool & Spa have installed pools inside hotels, apartment complexes, sporting complexes and at municipal pools.
Performance Pool and Spa uses the best quality equipment available. They also sell wholesale priced pool covers, roller and many other helpful pool supplies at an affordable rate.
If you want a fully insured, licensed group of pool builders then you should check with your local construction industry standards organization, and ask them for a list of verified pool builders. The most important thing you should look for in a pool builder is company with a respectable reputation that provides quality unique work.